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Charles Thomson
Secretary of the
Continental Congress
of the United Colonies and States
of America
September 5, 1774 to March 1, 1781
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Exhibit
©
Stanley L. Klos
Secretary of the
United States in Congress Assembled
March 2, 1781 to March 18,
1789
http://www.charlesthomson.com
Stanley L. Klos Collection CF-008
Thomson, Charles - Autograph Revolutionary Order Signed by Charles Thomson, framed 15” x 30”, dated September 19, 1781. The United States, in Congress Assembled, in an attempt to protect Philadelphia from another British occupation, ordered St. Clair's to round up troops to defend the city from what was believed to be an imminent attack by General Clinton:
“By the United States in Congress Assembled September 19, 1781 Ordered that Major General St. Clair cause the levies of the Pennsylvania line now in Pennsylvania to rendezvous at or near Philadelphia with all possible exposition. Extract from the minutes Charles Thompson”[i]
With St. Clair protecting Philadelphia, General Washington continued his Virginia Campaign surrounding Cornwallis at Yorktown. When Congress realized that the British were not going marching towards Philadelphia; orders were hastily given to St. Clair to move his forces south to Yorktown. Major General St. Clair joined Washington at Yorktown only four days before the surrender of Lord Cornwallis.
AND
“Act for Representation in Congress”
Stanley L. Klos Collection CF-009
[Act for Representation in Congress – Thomson, Charles] The London Chronicle, England, December 29, 1785, 11 ½” x 16 ½”, Volume LVIII, page 622, An article headed "America" includes this resolution of the United States, in Congress Assembled:
" Whereas many States in the Union continue to be unrepresented in Congress, or to be represented by only two members, notwithstanding the many urgent recommendations of Congress, for remedying these defects, particularly those of 1st of November, 1783, and the 19th of April, 1784. And whereas from the want of a compleat representation, the great Interests of the Union have frequently been, and continue to be neglected or delayed; and the Confederation itself, or the administration thereof by Congress, may be considered as the cause of evils [resulting from the Inadequacy of Representation] which solely result from an incompleat representation. And whereas it is incumbent on Congress to prevent opinions so derogatory to their honor, andso dangerous to the public welfare, and tending so directly to a Change of our happy Form of Government, for others verging to Aristocracy or even to Despotism Resolved, That the Secretary of Congress shall twice once in every month, transmit to the Legislatures of the respective States, a list of the States represented, and of those unrepresented in Congress, and of the members from each State; that effectual measures may, from time to time, be taken by such States as may be unrepresented or represented by only two members, to remedy these defects." [ii]
By 1785 the ineffectiveness of the Constitution of 1777 and Great Britain’s Press reported judiciously resolutions and acts that reflected the severity of the inadequacies in the U.S. federal government. Charles Thomson, as evidenced by the letter signed to Georgia, carried out this resolution without much success as quorums could not even be obtained to ratify important treaties or even to elect new Presidents of the United States on a timely Constitutional basis.
AND
Charles Thomson transmits
“State
of Representation in Congress”
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Stanley L. Klos Collection CF-0010
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Stanley L. Klos
Thomson, Charles – Letter signed, 8” x 12 ¾” as Secretary of the United States, in Congress Assembled to the Governor of Georgia in full:
Office of Secretary of the Congress October 2, 1785.
Sir, Pursuant to order I have the honor to transmit to your Excellency herewith enclosed a State of Representation in Congress for the Month of September to be communicated to the Legislature. with the greatest respect I have the honor to be Your Excellency's Most obedient and Most Humble Servt.
Cha Thomson His Excellency the Governor of Georgia
By 1785 the ineffectiveness of the Constitution of 1777 began to take its toll on the States and Congress. Quorums were sporadically maintained interrupting the nation’s business. It was so critical that the United States, in Congress Assembled passed an act to instruct Secretary Thomson to notify the States of federal attendance each month. This letter, from Charles Thomson to the Governor of Georgia, reports Delegate attendance for the month of September in 1785 under the Presidency of Richard Henry Lee.
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Minnesota Convention
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August 29th -
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King George III Charles Thomson
Presidents of the Continental Congress
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September 5, 1774 |
October 22, 1774 |
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October 22, 1774 |
October 26, 1774 |
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May 20, 1775 |
May 24, 1775 |
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May 25, 1775 |
October 29, 1777 |
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November 1, 1777 |
December 9, 1778 |
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December 10, 1778 |
September 28, 1779 |
Declaration of Independence Continental Congress
Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled
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September 28, 1779 |
July 6, 1781 |
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July 10, 1781 |
November 4, 1781 |
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November 5, 1781 |
November 3, 1782 |
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November 4, 1782 |
November 2, 1783 |
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November 3, 1783 |
November 2, 1784** |
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November 30, 1784 |
November 22, 1785 |
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November 23, 1785 |
June 5, 1786 |
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June 6, 1786 |
November 13, 1786 |
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February 2, 1787 |
October 29, 1787 |
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January 22, 1788 |
January 21, 1789 |