Click Here to Purchase Book

In The Name of the Most Holy and Undivided

T R I N T Y
 

Image Courtesy of the National Archives CF-065

Treaty of Paris Proclamation

 Proclamation Announcing Ratification of the Treaty that
Ended the Revolutionary War and Confirmed American Independence

Proclamation - Ratification of the Treaty of Paris by President Thomas Mifflin in 1784

17" x 22"  Treaty Proclamation Printing for the DNC and RNC Conventions

$5.95 plus Shipping is a Flat Rate of $7.00 for one or more posters.

Mifflin, Thomas - Proclamation Broadside of the Treaty of Paris, “By the UNITED STATES in CONGRESS Assembled, A PROCLAMATION.” Annapolis: John Dunlap, 1784 that Signed by Thomas Mifflin as President of the United States and Charles Thomson in the left margin. 

Official proclamation of the American ratification of the definitive treaty of peace, ending the Revolutionary War. Despite Thomas Mifflin's pleas for delegates to attend Congress to ratify the treaty, it was not until January 13, 1784, that enough states (nine) were represented. The next day, they approved ratification.  The broadside carries the complete, official text of the articles agreed to in Paris as well as the text of Congress's ratification of the treaty. 

“…WE THE United States in Congress assembled, having seen and duly considered the definitive articles aforesaid, did by a certain act under the seal of the United States, bearing date this 14^th day of January 1784, approve, ratify and confirm the same and every part and clause thereof … and being sincerely disposed to carry the said articles into execution truly, honestly and with good faith … we have thought proper by these presents, to notify the premises to all the good citizens of these United States…

Thomas Mifflin has signed as President of the United States

“… GIVEN under the Seal of the United States, Witness his Excellency THOMAS MIFFLIN, our president, at Annapolis, this fourteenth day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four…”

The defeat of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown in October of 1781 convinced Britain to look beyond military efforts to resolve the American conflict. In March of 1782, Parliament authorized the king to negotiate for peace. In April, British commissioner Richard Oswald began informal peace talks with Benjamin Franklin. British envoys were authorized to treat with representatives of the “colonies,” a characterization that U.S. Commissioner John Jay was unwilling to accept. To break the impasse, Parliament revised its diplomatic instructions, but not before heated debate over whether the change amounted to recognition of independence or merely of the name by which the Americans wished to be called. The preliminary Articles of Peace, signed in November of 1782, formally acknowledged American independence.  Before taking effect, a treaty ending the war between Britain and France also had to be signed. Once accomplished, the final treaty was signed by the British, French and American ministers on September 3, 1783, and then transmitted to Congress for ratification. 

This broadside was printed in Annapolis as part of the Treaty’s ratification process.  Available for distribution by January 16-17, 1784, this is one of only two known completed with the official seal, and signatures of Thomas Mifflin as president of the United States, in Congress Assembled and Charles Thomson as secretary.  The only other known copy  is in the National Archives.

U.S. Constitution of 1787
http://www.usconstitution.info

[U.S. Constitution] -   The Providence Gazette and Country Journal, Newspaper, Vol. XXIV, No. 1239, September 29, 1787, from Providence, Rhode Island: John Carter, four pages 12 ½” x 22 ¼”. The paper is framed, 20 x 28, for display.  The Providence Gazette has the full text of the Constitution on page one, the first column of page two, and the first and part of the second column on page three, concluding with signatures in type of George Washington and the other 38 delegates.  The Constitution is followed by the September 17, 1787 Resolution of the Constitutional Convention “That the preceeding Constitution be laid before the United States in Congress Assembled,” and then by the Letter of September 17, 1787, transmitting the Constitution to Congress, both signed in type by George Washington. 

“PROCEEDINGS of the FŒDERAL CONVENTION, held at Philadelphia.

WE, the PEOPLE of the UNITED STATES, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America…”

Despite Rhode Islanders’ early resistance to British authority (i.e. the burning of The Gaspee), and willingness to fight in the Revolution, their assemblymen proved the most discriminating of all the colonies when it came to establishing the Federal Government, finally ratifying the work on May 29, 1790.

In 1778 the state had quickly ratified the Articles of Confederation, with its weak federal government, but when the movement to strengthen that government developed in the mid-1780's, Rhode Island withdrew its support. The state's individualism, its democratic localism, and its tradition of autonomy caused it to resist the centralizing tendencies of the new federal constitution. This opposition was intensified when an agrarian-debtor revolt in support of the issuance of paper money placed the parochial Country party in power from 1786 through 1790. This political faction, led by South Kingstown's Jonathan Hazard, was suspicious of the power and the cost of a government too far removed from the proletariat level.  The Rhode Island government declined to dispatch delegates to the Philadelphia Convention that drafted The Constitution of 1787. When the new constitution was transmitted to Rhode Island for ratification, Hazard's faction delayed (and nearly prevented) their State’s approval.

In the period between September 1787 and January 1790, the rural-dominated General Assembly rejected no fewer than eleven attempts by the representatives from the mercantile communities to convene a state ratifying convention. Instead, the Assembly defied the instructions of the United States, in Congress Assembled and conducted a popular referendum on the Constitution. That election, which was boycotted by the Federalists, rejected the Constitution by a vote of 2,708 to 237.

Finally, in mid-January 1790, more than eight months after George Washington's inauguration as first president of the United States, the Rhode Island reluctantly called the required convention, but it took two separate sessions -- one in South Kingstown from March 1-6 and the second in Newport from May 24-29 before approval was obtained. The ratification tally was thirty-four in favor and thirty-two opposed.  This was the narrowest of any state, and a favorable result was obtained only because four Anti-federalists either absented themselves or abstained from voting.

Articles of Confederation
http://www.articlesofconfederation.com

Stanley L. Klos Collection CF-067

London Magazine, February 1776. London: R. Baldwin 1776.  This volume includes a full printing of “Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union entered into by the Delegates of the several Colonies of New Hampshire, &c in General Congress” .

In the summer of 1776 Delegate John Dickinson realized that the Articles of Confederation presented by Benjamin Franklin in 1775 needed to be restructured to form a true “constitution” for the United States.  On July 12, 1776 John Dickinson presented his Draft for the Articles of Confederation of the United States America.  The Continental Congress, upon a cursory review of this important took up Dickson’s draft on July 12, 1776 not passing the Constitution of 1777 in its final form until November 15, 1777.  It would take four more years before the Articles of Confederation would be ratified becoming the first Constitution of the United States of America on March 1, 1781.[1] This complete printing of Franklin’s Articles is published in this January 1776 issue of London Magazine, London England representing the start of establishing a Constitution and Federal government for the United States of America.

George Washington
First Commander-in-Chief
Signer Constitution of 1787 – Convention President
Eleventh President of the United States
First under the Constitution of 1787
http:/www.george-washington.org

Stanley L. Klos Collection CF-069

[Washington, George, State of the Union Address] - Massachusetts Centinel, Boston January 16, 1790 framed, 30” x 30”, for display.  President George Washington delivers the very First State of the Union Message to both Houses of Congress.  He says in part, “To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.”  In dealings with various Indian Tribes on the borders of the fledgling United States, Washington vows protection for American settlers.  This speech was the last to be delivered orally until early in the Twentieth century.  A rare front page printing signed in script type.

The U.S. Constitution of 1787 permits the President “from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.”   President Washington delivered his first address to a joint session of Congress and when completed took a seat at the session expecting Congress to enact the measures he requested in his Inaugural Address.  To Washington’s amazement he was asked to leave the room while Congress deliberated.  Washington, from that point on, delivered his State of the Union Addresses by letter. 

Books By Stanley L. Klos

 

Author's Books

 
        President Who? Forgotten Founders is   (Sold Out) but the Author's new Book

Medallions of the United States Founding
Click on Each Medallion to Learn More
 

Size: 30 mm - 50 cents size   Types of Issue: Gold - Silver - Merlin Gold Bronze - Copper

© Stanley L. Klos has a worldwide copyright on the artwork in these Medallions not legal tender.
The artwork is not to be copied by anyone by any means
without first receiving permission from Stanley L. Klos.

Presidential and Capitol Trading Cards
15 Different 4" x 6"

ISBN: 0-9752627-9-3

$6.95 for a Full Set of Fifteen Different President and Capitol Trading Cards
Shipping and Handling $3.00

or mail check $6.95 plus $3.00 Shipping for one or more Books 
Florida Residents please be sure to add 7% Sales Tax.

 Payable to: ROI.us | Suite 308 | 2706 Alternate 19 | Palm Harbor Fl 34683

Peyton Randolph & City Tavern         Henry Middleton &  Carpenters Hall         John Hancock & George Washington        Henry Laurens & York Court House

John Jay & Kew Palace            Samuel Huntington &  Independence  Hall         Thomas McKean & Lancaster Court House       John Hanson & Great Seal

Elias Boudinot & Nassau Hall           Thomas Mifflin &  Maryland State House    Richard Henry Lee & French Arms Tavern      John Hancock & Henry Fite House

Nathaniel Gorham & Versailles          Arthur St. Clair & New York City Hall         Cyrus Griffin & Fraunces Tavern

Click Here to Purchase Book

Return to Forgotten Founders Exhibit

Forgotten Founders Corporation | Suite 211 | 687 Alderman Road | Palm Harbor Fl 34683
tel:  727-771-1776 | fax: 305-320-2471 |  Stan@JohnHancock.org
Home Page: www.ForgottenFounders.org

Forgotten Founders Exhibit
Minnesota Convention Center
August 29th - September 4, 2008

King George III                    Charles Thomson

Presidents of the Continental Congress

Declaration of Independence                  Continental Congress

Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled

United States in Congress Assembled

*Huntington was elected as President of the Continental Congress but
ascended to the United States Presidency on March 2, 1781
under the Constitution of 1777 -- The Articles of Confederation

Eight Capitol Coins of the United Colonies/States of America
1774 – 1789

Philadelphia	September 5, 1774 to October 24, 1774	City Tavern on September 4th and then Carpenters Hall
Philadelphia	May 10, 1775 to December 12, 1776	Pennsylvania State House
Baltimore	December 20, 1776 to February 27, 1777	Henry Fite House, Maryland
Philadelphia	March 4, 1777 to September 18, 1777	Pennsylvania State House
Lancaster	September 27, 1777	Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Court House
York	September 30, 1777 to June 27, 1778:	York, Pennsylvania, Court House
Philadelphia	July 2, 1778 to June 21, 1783	Philadelphia, College Hall, then Pennsylvania State House
Princeton,	June 30, 1783 to November 4, 1783	Prospect House and then Nassau Hall, New Jersey
Annapolis	November 26, 1783 to August 19, 1784	Maryland State House
Trenton	November 1, 1784 to December 24, 1784	French Arms Tavern, New Jersey
New York City	January 11, 1785 to November 13, 1788	New York City Hall
New York City	November 1788 - March 1789	Fraunces Tavern

© Stanley L. Klos

Return to Forgotten Founders Exhibit

Forgotten Founders Corporation | Suite 211 | 687 Alderman Road | Palm Harbor Fl 34683
tel:  727-771-1776 | fax: 305-320-2471 |  Stan@JohnHancock.org
Home Page: www.ForgottenFounders.org